This paper examines the effectiveness of climate pledges and eco-taxation as strategies for mitigating climate change within an agricultural supply chain organization network. We utilize variational inequality techniques within a multicriteria decision-making framework and validate our theoretical findings through numerical simulations using a machine learning augmented algorithm. By employing this approach, we are able to situate the climate pledge initiative, such as the Agricultural Sector Roadmap to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius, within the broader context of the entire agricultural sector. Our results demonstrate that environmental taxation emerges as the most effective approach for addressing climate change. Eco-taxation leads to a 57.87% reduction in global emissions, whereas climate pledges only account for a 20.59% reduction at the same level of production. Furthermore, eco-taxation results in a 45.68% greater reduction in emission intensity compared to climate pledges. In contrast to climate commitments, an eco-fiscal policy is capable of achieving the objectives established by the European Union.
